In Wednesday’s xkcd comic, Replogle has apparently been taken over by mad scientists. I’m having a hard time resisting the urge to explain the joke (I doubt many of my readers are physicists, but then I’m not one either). But in a weird Einsteinian way Randall is doing with globes and mass what Carroll, Borges and Eco did with maps and space: assume a 1:1 ratio between the map and the mapped.
One consolation to all this “Gulf of America” nonsense was that, as something done by executive order, it would be just as easy to undo when all of this is over. Was. Republicans in the U.S. House of Representatives passed a bill that would codify the renaming of the Gulf of Mexico to “Gulf of America” into law—not only requiring federal agencies to comply with the change, but once signed into law it would take another statute to undo the change. The bill is now off to the Senate. CNN, Guardian.
Meanwhile, another gulf is in Donald Trump’s sights. He’s apparently planning to announce that the U.S. will refer to the Persian Gulf as the Gulf of Arabia or Arabian Gulf during his trip to the Middle East next week: CNN, Guardian. The move is guaranteed (and possibly intended) to piss off the Iranians, who have been touchy about any attempts to use Arabian Gulf instead of Persian Gulf for decades (previously: 1, 2).
Which one’s next, do you think? Or will he go full nuclear and take sides on the Sea of Japan/East Sea dispute?
Previously: Naming the Gulf; Google Maps to Use ‘Gulf of America’–Others Not So Much; More Reactions to ‘Gulf of America’; Google and the Gulf; ‘Gulf of America’: Apple Conforms, AP Punished for Not Doing So; ‘Gulf of America’ Isn’t Going Over Well; Is ‘Gulf of Mexico’ Worth Fighting For?; ‘Gulf of America’: Compliance and Resistance; A ‘Gulf of America’ Roundup; ‘Gulf of America’ Update: AP Sues White House Officials; If You Thought There Would Be Nothing More to Report About the ‘Gulf of America’ Nonsense, You Were Mistaken.
Both Australia and Canada had federal elections last week. Both countries have overwhelmingly urban populations (Australia 87%, Canada 82%) and vast tracts of sparsely populated territory, which means that strictly geographical election maps of both countries suffer from the “empty land doesn’t vote” problem. But that doesn’t seem to stop such maps from being used.
As I posted about the maps of the last Canadian federal election in 2019 (1, 2, 3), most static election maps in Canada use the Lambert projection, whereas online maps generally use Web Mercator; cartograms and such aren’t really a thing. I suspect that this is a combination of the Lambert being very familiar to Canadians (it’s pretty much the default projection for static maps) whereas a cartogram isn’t: it’s easier and less disorienting to use the Lambert with inset maps, or zoom in on Web Mercator. Canadians aren’t dumb: we know that there are lots of seats in and around Toronto and Montreal, and that hardly anyone lives in Nunavut, and even zooming all the way out in Web Mercator won’t fool us. Besides, with four parties capable of winning expansive rural or northern seats, the urban-rural split isn’t quite as binary as it is elsewhere, so the urgency of correcting the map by showing votes or seats—the need to say land doesn’t vote—isn’t quite there.
Maps Mania has a roundup of some media maps of the Canadian election results. Jens von Bergmann crunches the riding-by-riding results with some maps and visualizations—including an animation that morphs between a geographic map and a Dorling cartogram.
Geographic maps also tend to be used for Australian election results, to the point that in 2022 ABC News (the Australian one) ran a piece saying that the election map was lying to you (previously). Once again, Maps Mania has a roundup of Australian election maps this time around: ABC goes full cartogram, using British-style hex maps showing results and vote swing; The Australian sticks with geographical maps; and The Guardian toggles between geographical and “exaggerated” maps that enlarge urban constituencies while maintaining Australia’s overall shape, which I find an interesting compromise.
I’ve been making note of procedural fantasy map generators for a while now. These are tools that generate a map of an imaginary landscape, town or dungeon, mostly (but not necessarily exclusively) for the purposes of role-playing games like Dungeons & Dragons. The latest to come to my attention is Watabou’s Procgen Arcana, a set of free-to-use map generators by Oleg Dolya.
Meanwhile, for those who draw their fantasy maps digitally, but without a procedural map generator, there has been more than one project to extract symbols and signs from real old maps for use as stamps and brushes in, say, Illustrator or Photoshop. I mentioned David Stark’s library of map elements, taken from a 17th-century map, last year. The author K. M. Alexander (previously) has put together a number of brush sets based on old maps, allowing users to “create fantasy maps that can add a touch of historical authenticity to any project.” The latest is based on an 18th-century map of Bohemia. He also has packs of compass roses, sea monsters and other cartouches, as well as typefaces. Quite a lot of stuff, actually. Free for personal and commercial use.
I have notes on an article about fantasy maps in the digital age, in which I’d discuss the development of maps from entirely hand-drawn to digital to algorithmic. I’ve been meaning to write it since before the pandemic. I wonder if it’s all out of date by now. Possibly not.
Wisconsin Public Radio takes up the story of fantasy cartographer Karen Wynn Fonstad (1945–2005), best known for her Atlas of Middle Earth and other fantasy-world atlases. “Fonstad passed away 20 years ago. Now, her husband and her son—both geographers themselves—have embarked on a new quest: to digitize her original maps and find an archive to house them.” Her son spent his spring break week getting as many of her maps as possible scanned at the Robinson Map Library, a task he described as barely scratching the surface.
This follows her belated obituary in the New York Times earlier this year (previously): she may be, finally, having a posthumous moment.
Foreshadowed on Mastodon in January, the horror that Daniel Huffman has created is now upon us. Behold the Asymmetric Monstrosity projection, an equal-area—yes! every part of it—projection that grafts together pieces of the Equal Earth, cylindrical equal-area, three pieces of Mollweide and five sinusoidals (each on different central meridians) into a patchwork atrocity with an uneven graticule and interrupted labels. Stop twitching long enough to read Daniel’s explanation as to why this was perpetrated:
First off, it was fun and interesting for me to think about how projections can be glued together. This map is a Frankenstein’s Monster–like creation, but it doesn’t leave anything out, nor does it have mismatches at the joints. Landmasses fit together seamlessly at the boundaries of any given transition zone between projections, because with a little math and the right tools, you can make two projections (of the right variety) match each other at a given location.
The other goal is to educate, through entertainment. It looks funny, thus drawing attention; and in doing so I hope it will jar people into realizing how distorted all projections are. This projection is just as valid as any other, in terms of how faithfully it represents the earth. It’s equal-area, showing everything in proper size proportion. It has interruptions, sure, but so do many others. It is a composite, yes, but so are other projections.
I think it’s in the same vein as those “south-up” world maps that you can buy, or ones centered on the Pacific. Many audiences would find them unfamiliar, but the maps use their uniqueness to make people realize that there’s really no right way to portray the world, and that our conventions are frequently arbitrary.
It’s available for free download at pretty high resolution, or you can buy it as a print, and while Daniel doesn’t actually expect anyone to do it, honestly, why not?
This “Gulf of America” business has spread to the state level, and where else would it start but Florida, where two state house bills that would purge “Gulf of Mexico” from state laws and educational materials have now passed the Senate and await Governor DeSantis’s inevitable signature.
In February the White House barred the Associated Press from the Oval Office and Air Force One for failing to use “Gulf of America” in their reporting. On Tuesday a federal judge ordered the Trump White House to lift those restrictions; the White House is now appealing the order.
The public editor for the Dallas Morning News explains why the newspaper continues to use “Gulf of Mexico”: “So, was using ‘Gulf of Mexico’ an editorial lapse or an act of courage? It was neither. It instead reflected a thoughtful, fair-minded decision driven by a pragmatism we typically refer to as common sense.”
Purple Lizard Maps (previously) says they will soon launch a Kickstarter to make a map than honours the history and name of the Gulf of Mexico. “We plan to make a unique, thought-provoking and beautiful map of the Gulf of Mexico. One that highlights 10,000 years of cultural, political and environmental history in this region. This will be a historical record, a piece of art, and a stand against cultural erasure.”
Previously: Naming the Gulf; Google Maps to Use ‘Gulf of America’–Others Not So Much; More Reactions to ‘Gulf of America’; Google and the Gulf; ‘Gulf of America’: Apple Conforms, AP Punished for Not Doing So; ‘Gulf of America’ Isn’t Going Over Well; Is ‘Gulf of Mexico’ Worth Fighting For?; ‘Gulf of America’: Compliance and Resistance; A ‘Gulf of America’ Roundup; ‘Gulf of America’ Update: AP Sues White House Officials.
The GeoFacts Challenge is calling for games that teach geography.
How many of us only know where Winnipeg is because we played Ticket to Ride, or Kinshasa because of Pandemic, or Kamchatka because of Risk? None of these games are educational in nature, per se, and yet for many gamers, they have been more effective teachers of geography than a textbook.
Your goal for the GeoFacts Challenge is to design a game with memorable geographical information, whether it be countries or capitals, volcanoes or valleys, or annual caribou migration corridors. The game should use modern mechanics and a printed map with real location names. Both the map and the geographical information should be integrated into game play, but this contest is about fun—don’t disguise homework assignments as games! […]
Examples of strategic games that use a well-integrated map with memorable locations: Twilight Struggle, Sun Tzu (2005), Italian Rails, Axis and Allies, Pandemic, Risk, Terraforming Mars, the Ticket to Ride series, and certain cases in Sherlock Holmes Consulting Detective. While most of these games use a map of the world or a map of a specific country, contestants are not limited to maps of this nature.
(Thanks to Alan for the tip.)
Meanwhile, the Map Making Mega Bundle collects the game mapmaking app Campaign Cartographer 3+ with a number of its add-ons, plugins and resources at a discounted price, a portion of which goes to charity. Despite the fact that it is in many ways adjunct to fantasy mapmaking, which is one of the areas of my expertise, I am woefully under-informed about roleplaying or computer game mapping, but CC3+ seems to come up a lot.
New York City’s Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) has announced the first major redesign of its system map since 1979. The new map adopts a diagrammatic style, in common with most other transit maps around the world, for the first time since Massimo Vignelli’s controversial (and ultimately abandoned) 1972 map. Indeed, the MTA is openly acknowledging the influence of Vignelli’s design, along with the colours from the replacement maps designed by Michael Hertz.
The new map was designed by the MTA’s Creative Services Mapping Department and, like many major subway systems around the world, utilizes a diagrammatic style, employing bold, straight lines making it much easier for the eye to follow and more suitable for digital users. The white background, bold colors, horizontal writing and use of black dots make the map more ADA-friendly and easier for people with low-vision or cognitive disabilities to read.
Designers also focused on text legibility, keeping text on one line wherever possible and making better use of open space to alleviate crowding and using a black subway bullet with a white character to provide maximum contrast for easier reading.
This isn’t a complete surprise: the MTA started testing a map similar to this one in a few stations back in 2021.
I’ll be very interested to see how this new map will be received. The design of the New York subway map has been contentious for as long as I’ve been alive. Will it continue to be?
Apple announced last week that Apple Maps will now display Indigenous lands, place names and other content in Australia and New Zealand.
Beginning today, Apple Maps now displays Indigenous lands in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand. By gathering information from Indigenous advisors, cartographers, Traditional Owners, language holders, and community members, Apple Maps will show reserves and Indigenous Protected Areas, Indigenous place names, Traditional Country, and dual-language labels. Indigenous lands place cards feature information about the local area and Traditional Owners, and can be curated to allow communities to add their own photos, destinations on their land, and text in their own language. Representation of Indigenous lands in Apple Maps provides users with a more comprehensive experience while also recognising the stories and significance behind them.
More at the Guardian. This follows Apple’s move to show Indigenous lands in Canada and the U.S. in 2023. [Lat × Long]
“Mapping the seafloor isn’t the SWOT mission’s primary purpose,” says the JPL, and yet the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite is being used for more than measuring sea surface height: those ocean surface topography measurements can be used to infer features on the seafloor. NASA Earth Observatory:
Because geologic features like seamounts and abyssal hills have more mass than their surroundings, they exert a slightly stronger gravitational pull that creates small, measurable bumps in the sea surface above them. These subtle gravity signatures help researchers predict the kind of seafloor feature that produced them.
[…] Through repeated observations, the satellite is sensitive enough to pick up these minute differences, with centimeter-level accuracy, in sea surface height caused by the features below. David Sandwell, a geophysicist at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and his colleagues used a year’s worth of SWOT data to focus on seamounts, abyssal hills, and underwater continental margins, where continental crust meets oceanic crust.
[…] Areas of decreased gravity (purple) are affiliated with depressions on the seafloor, while areas of increased gravity (green) indicate the locations of more massive, elevated features.
Only about a quarter of the seafloor has been mapped with traditional sonar methods, so you can see how a gap is being filled here. Next up is calculating the depth of the features being detected through this method.
Today is The Map Room’s 22nd anniversary. It’s also the final day of its membership drive, which as of the time of this writing is just three members short of the goal.
To mark those occasions, I’ve written something as an exclusive for those members: The Boy Who Couldn’t Get Lost, an essay about the origins of my rather personal relationship with maps.
Looking back, it seems clear that I have always had an obsession with knowing exactly where I was, at all times. No trip would be undertaken without having a map of the destination, even when I was a child. Every time I’d go to a summer camp, I’d have made a map of the grounds by the time I was done. And even into adulthood, not having a map of where I was made me very, very uncomfortable.
Also features dragons. Again, you’ll need to be a paid member to read the essay. And if we reach the target, paid members will also get access to my presentation on fantasy map design.
Ottawa map and book store World of Maps is for sale, per their Facebook page: “After 30 years of running this interesting and profitable map & book business Petra and Brad want to sell and retire. There are plenty of adventures and trips still to take after we find the next owner(s) who we can help take it over.”
Previously: World of Maps Turns 25.
The Map Room’s membership drive is entering its final weekend, and while we’re getting awfully close to the goal of 22 paid members by the end of the month (i.e., Monday), we’re not quite there yet. If you’ve been thinking about it, now is the time to push it over the top.
For some context on why I’m running a membership drive, I’ve posted an essay to the Patreon on the economics of blogging: how the golden age of ad-supported blogging came to an end, the challenge of doing what I’m doing in the current blogging landscape, and the state of the map blogosphere.
An updated disclosure on Apple’s website spotted by 9to5Mac says that imagery collected in support of the Look Around feature of Apple Maps (Apple’s Street View equivalent) will also be used to train Apple’s generative AI. Meanwhile, a recent Apple Maps glitch displayed baggage claims at ridiculously high zooms, and a Google Maps glitch deleted Timeline data for some users.
